Introduction

Tikhonov et al of the Soviet Union found a beta-2-globulin that increased membrane permeability. A similar report appeared by Romasenko, also of the Soviet Union.

Tikhonov, Lozovsky, & Glezer (1967)

This brilliant Russian group studied rat brain slices incubated with blood serum from schizophrenics. They reported the membrane of the mitochondria showed swelling and fragmentation.

Romasenko (1967)

There is a report that the amino acid glutamine caused psychiatric symptoms, including depression, temporarily in patients. This was reported in a recent American psychiatric textbook. Pauling discussed a similar situation with the amino acid phenylalanine in the disease PKU.

In certain types of avitaminosis there are mental symptoms. One example is a deficiency of niacin, which is required in glycolysis. Glycolysis is critical to brain energy metabolism. This subject was reviewed by Dr. Abram Hoffer.